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Unnecessarily long text!The military regime, which emerged as a military coup in 1961, collapsed with the death of Park Chung-hee on October 26, 1979. Taking advantage of this, the ruling power of the new military forces centered on Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo was visible. The civil and anti-military forces have started a democratic movement to prevent it, fearing that Korea's democracy will be further retreated and suppressed by the new military's rule. These activities reached their peak in early May 1980, when rallies and demonstrations took place across the country, including Seoul. Since early May in Gwangju, the city's National Antiquities Association has been organized by students from Chonnam National University and Chosun University. Students entered the city of Gwangju on May 14 and conducted various forms of activities, including holding large-scale street rallies with citizens. These rallies and demonstrations, which were called the National Democratic Society, continued until May 16.
As the protests spread, the new military launched an air force on May 14 to make plans to suppress rallies and demonstrations, and ordered air force troops to be deployed at 7 p.m. on May 17. At 11:40 p.m. on May 17, the New Military Department announced, "The emergency commando was expanded nationwide at midnight on May 17, and began mobilizing university students and residents from all over the country. A dozen people were taken to Gwangju's 505 security zone by midnight on May 18. In addition, the 7th Airborne Brigade arrested 112 students who were stationed at the school as a martial law school at Chonnam National University and Chosun University, and soldiers from the 31st Division were sent to major organizations in Gwangju.
As promised, students began to gather at the main gate of Chonnam National University on the morning of May 16. Gyeom-gun, located in Chonnam National University, called for the dissolution of students, and the first clash took place in the process. Students who went into the city to avoid the crackdown on the martial arts have informed citizens of the widening of the martial law and its atrocities. The 11th Airborne Brigade, which was dispatched following the 7th Airborne Brigade, waved riot rods not only to demonstrators but also to ordinary citizens, and carried them indiscriminately. As a result, citizens and students actively fought against the martial law forces, and the city turned into a battlefield. As the 3rd Airborne Brigade was added, the number of martial arts troops continued to increase and the number of casualties soared. Demonstrators went to South Jeolla Province to spread out the brutalities of the martial arts and gained weapons in order to fight back. In the process, the May 18 Democratic Movement was expanded not only to Gwangju but also to South Jeolla Province. Those who acquired arms began to act as citizens. Finally, by May 21, the Civil Service backed out of the martial law, 'Public and Central governments' were realized until May 27. During this time, the civilian army was in charge of the security and administration of Gwangju, and many died in the wiretapping.
Gwangju, which was withdrawn from the martial arts military, wanted to continue its achievements by changing its name from the May 18 Veterans Affairs Committee to the Civil Student Democracy Movement Committee. They held a daily Democratic National Convention until May 26 to seek broad agreement for the survival of democracy. In addition, a number of promotional materials, including 'Two-Social Report', have been published to function as an alternative press. Citizens were willing to provide food and household goods to the citizens and protesters. The time when the administrative powers under the command of the martial forces and the new military lost their function was 'a time when the absolute community was completely identical to the lives of its own life, fellow demonstrators and Kwangju citizens.'
The May 18 Gwangju Democracy Movement ended early in the morning of May 27 when the Gyeom County took over the South Jeolla provincial government again. As of December 18, 2001, the total number of victims was about 7,200, with 218 deaths, 363 missing, 5,088 merchants and 1,520 others. Although the May 18 Democratic Movement came to an end tragically, it continued through the May Movement, which raised the issue of fact-finding, responsible punishment, restoration of honor, compensation and commemorative projects.
As a result of these activities, the "Act on the Compensation of the People Related to the Democratic Movement in Gwangju" was enacted (August 6, 1990) to restore the honor of the victims and to commemorate the May 18 Democratic Party. However, activities continue to demand truth finding and punishment of responsible officials to correct errors and shortcomings in the cleaning up of the May 18 Democratic Movement. The May 18 Democratic Movement also has significant meaning as a precedent for cleaning up Korea's past history, which has been active since the 2000s. Moreover, the May 18 Democratic Movement has contributed to the democratization of other countries by actively engaging in exchanges of groups and people devoted to democratization not only in Asia but also in many countries around the world.
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